GST – CONCEPT & STATUS (Updated as on 01st April 2018)
GST
Dated:- 7-4-2018
GST – CONCEPT & STATUS
Updated as on 01st April 2018
INTRODUCTION:
The introduction of Goods and Services Tax on 1st July 2017 was a very significant step in the field of indirect tax reforms in India. By amalgamating a large number of Central and State taxes into a single tax, the aim was to mitigate cascading or double taxation in a major way and pave the way for a common national market. From the consumer point of view, the biggest advantage would be in terms of a reduction in the overall tax burden on goods, which was estimated to be around 25%-30%. Introduction of GST would also make Indian products competitive in the domestic and international markets. Studies show that this would have a positive impact on economic growth. Last but not the least, this tax, because of its transparent and self-policing character, would be easier to administer.
GENESIS:
2. The idea of moving towards t
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) Act, 2016, fiscal powers between the Centre and the States were clearly demarcated in the Constitution with almost no overlap between the respective domains. The Centre had powers to levy tax on the manufacture of goods (except alcoholic liquor for human consumption, opium, narcotics etc.) while the States had powers to levy tax on sale of goods. In case of inter-State sales, the Centre had power to levy a tax (Central Sales Tax) but the tax was collected and retained entirely by the originating States. As for services, it was the Centre alone that was empowered to levy service tax. Since the States were not empowered to levy any tax on the sale or purchase of goods in the course of their importation into or exportation from India, the Centre levied and collected this tax as additional duties of customs, which was in addition to the Basic Customs Duty. This additional duty of customs (commonly known as CVD and SAD) counter balanced excise duties, sales tax, State VAT and other taxes
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territories without legislatures (Union territory tax- UTGST). The Parliament would have exclusive power to levy GST (integrated tax – IGST) on inter-State trade or commerce (including imports) in goods or services. The Central Government will have the power to levy excise duty in addition to the GST on tobacco and tobacco products. The tax on supply of five specified petroleum products namely crude, high speed diesel, petrol, ATF and natural gas would be levied from a later date on the recommendation of GST Council.
5. A Goods and Services Tax Council (GSTC) was constituted comprising the Union Finance Minister, the Minister of State (Revenue) and the State Finance Ministers to recommend on the GST rate, exemption and thresholds, taxes to be subsumed and other features. This mechanism would ensure some degree of harmonization on different aspects of GST between the Centre and the States as well as across States. One half of the total number of members of GSTC would form quorum in me
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ber, 2016. GSTC is being assisted by a Secretariat. Twenty six meetings of the GSTC have been held so far. The following major decisions have been taken by the GSTC:
(i) The threshold exemption limit would be ₹ 20 lakh. For special category States (except J&K) enumerated in article 279A of the Constitution, threshold exemption limit has been fixed at ₹ 10 lakh.
(ii) Composition threshold shall be ₹ 1 crore. As decided in the 23rd meeting of the GSTC, this limit shall be raised to ₹ 1.5 crore after necessary amendments in the Act. Composition scheme shall not be available to inter-State suppliers, service providers (except restaurant service) and specified category of manufacturers. For special category States (except J&K and Uttarakhand) enumerated in article 279A of the Constitution, threshold exemption limit has been fixed at ₹ 75 lakh.
(iii) Existing tax incentive schemes of Central or State governments may be continued by respective government by wa
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s, would be imposed for a period of five years to compensate States for any revenue loss on account of implementation of GST. The list of goods and services in case of which reverse charge would be applicable has also been finalized.
(v) The five laws namely CGST Law, UTGST Law, IGST Law, SGST Law and GST Compensation Law have been recommended.
(vi) In order to ensure single interface, all administrative control over 90% of taxpayers having turnover below ₹ 1.5 crore would vest with State tax administration and over 10% with the Central tax administration. Further all administrative control over taxpayers having turnover above ₹ 1.5 crore shall be divided equally in the ratio of 50% each for the Central and State tax administration.
(vii) Powers under the IGST Act shall also be cross-empowered on the same basis as under CGST and SGST Acts with few exceptions.
(viii) Power to collect GST in territorial waters shall be delegated by Central Government to the States.
(ix
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vance received for supply of goods by all taxpayers.
(xiv) Supplies from GTA to unregistered persons has been exempted from tax.
(xv) Registration and operationalization of TDS/TCS provisions has been postponed till 30.06.2018.
(xvi) The e-way bill system shall be introduced nation-wide for all inter-State supplies with effect from 01.04.2018. As regards intra-State supplies, option has been given to States to choose any date on or before 01.06.2018.
(xvii) www.ewaybillgst.gov.in, managed by NIC, shall be the Common Goods and Services Tax Electronic Portal for generation of e-way bill.
(xviii) E-Wallet Scheme shall be introduced for exporters from 01.10.2018 and till then relief for exporters shall be given in form of broadly existing practice.
(xix) All taxpayers are required to file return FORM GSTR-3B & pay tax on monthly basis.
(xx) Taxpayers with turnover upto ₹ 1.5 Cr are required to file information in FORM GSTR-1 on a quarterly basis. Other taxpayers would have to
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be exempted from GST even if payment has not been received in foreign convertible currency – such suppliers shall be eligible for input tax credit.
(xxvii) Centralized UIN shall be issued to every Foreign Diplomatic Mission / UN Organization by the Central Government.
(xxviii) www.gst.gov.in, managed by GSTN, shall be the Common Goods and Services Tax Electronic Portal.
(xxix) Rate of interest on delayed payments and delayed refund has been recommended.
(xxx) Rules for National Anti-Profiteering Authority have been recommended. The National Anti-Profiteering Authority has been constituted having Chairman and four technical Members. Further Standing Committee on Anti-Profiteering and State level Screening Committee have also been set up.
SALIENT FEATURES OF GST:
8. The salient features of GST are as under:
(i) GST would be applicable on “supply” of goods or services as against the present concept of tax on manufacture of goods or on sale of goods or on provision of services.
(
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GST.
(vii) CGST, SGST /UTGST & IGST would be levied at rates to be mutually agreed upon by the Centre and the States under the aegis of the GSTC.
(viii) GST would replace the following taxes currently levied and collected by the Centre:
a) Central Excise Duty;
b) Duties of Excise (Medicinal and Toilet Preparations);
c) Additional Duties of Excise (Goods of Special Importance);
d) Additional Duties of Excise (Textiles and Textile Products);
e) Additional Duties of Customs (commonly known as CVD);
f) Special Additional Duty of Customs (SAD);
g) Service Tax;
h) Cesses and surcharges insofar as they relate to supply of goods or services.
(ix) State taxes that would be subsumed within the GST are:
a) State VAT;
b) Central Sales Tax;
c) Purchase Tax;
d) Luxury Tax;
e) Entry Tax (All forms);
f) Entertainment Tax (except those levied by the local bodies);
g) Taxes on advertisements;
h) Taxes on lotteries, betting and gambling;
i) State cesses and surcharges insofar as they
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category States (except J&K and Uttarakhand) enumerated in article 279A of the Constitution). As decided in the 23rd meeting of the GSTC, this limit shall be raised to ₹ 1.5 crore after necessary amendments in the Act. The threshold exemption and compounding scheme would be optional.
(xiv) The list of exempted goods and services would be kept to a minimum and it would be harmonized for the Centre and the States as well as across States as far as possible.
(xv) All Exports and supplies to SEZs and SEZ units would be zero-rated.
(xvi) Credit of CGST paid on inputs may be used only for paying CGST on the output and the credit of SGST/UTGST paid on inputs may be used only for paying SGST/UTGST. In other words, the two streams of input tax credit (ITC) cannot be cross utilized, except in specified circumstances of inter-State supplies for payment of IGST. The credit would be permitted to be utilized in the following manner:
a) ITC of CGST allowed for payment of CGST & IGST in tha
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the course or furtherance of business.
(xix) Electronic filing of returns by different class of persons at different cut-off dates.
(xx) Various modes of payment of tax available to the taxpayer including internet banking, debit/ credit card and National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) / Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS).
(xxi) Obligation on certain persons including government departments, local authorities and government agencies, who are recipients of supply, to deduct tax at the rate of 1% from the payment made or credited to the supplier where total value of supply, under a contract, exceeds two lakh and fifty thousand rupees. The provision for TDS has not been operationalized yet.
(xxii) Refund of tax to be sought by taxpayer or by any other person who has borne the incidence of tax within two years from the relevant date.
(xxiii) Obligation on electronic commerce operators to collect 'tax at source', at such rate not exceeding two per cent. (2%) of net value of taxable sup
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vable and immovable property of defaulting taxable person.
(xxix) Goods and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal would be constituted by the Central Government for hearing appeals against the orders passed by the Appellate Authority or the Revisional Authority. States would adopt the provisions relating to Tribunal in respective SGST Act.
(xxx) Provision for penalties for contravention of the provision of the proposed legislation has been made.
(xxxi) Advance Ruling Authority would be constituted by States in order to enable the taxpayer to seek a binding clarity on taxation matters from the department. Centre would adopt such authority under CGST Act.
(xxxii) An anti-profiteering clause has been provided in order to ensure that business passes on the benefit of reduced tax incidence on goods or services or both to the consumers.
(xxxiii) Elaborate transitional provisions have been provided for smooth transition of existing taxpayers to GST regime.
BENEFITS OF GST:
(A) Make in India
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age between neighboring States and that between intra and inter-State sales;
(ix) Average tax burden on companies is likely to come down which is expected to reduce prices and lower prices mean more consumption, which in turn means more production thereby helping in the growth of the industries. This will create India as a “Manufacturing hub”.
(B) Ease of Doing Business:
(i) Simpler tax regime with fewer exemptions;
(ii) Reduction in multiplicity of taxes that are at present governing our indirect tax system leading to simplification and uniformity;
(iii) Reduction in compliance costs – No multiple record keeping for a variety of taxes- so lesser investment of resources and manpower in maintaining records;
(iv) Simplified and automated procedures for various processes such as registration, returns, refunds, tax payments, etc;
(v) All interaction to be through the common GSTN portal- so less public interface between the taxpayer and the tax administration;
(vi) Will improve env
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onsumption.
GOODS AND SERVICES TAX NETWORK:
9. Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) has been set up by the Government as a private company under erstwhile Section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956. . GSTN would provide three front end services to the taxpayers namely registration, payment and return. Besides providing these services to the taxpayers, GSTN would be developing back-end IT modules for 27 States who have opted for the same. The migration of existing taxpayers has already started from November, 2016. The Revenue department of both Centre and States are pursuing the presently registered taxpayers to complete the necessary formalities on the IT system operated by GSTN for successful migration.
10. GSTN has selected 73 IT, ITeS and financial technology companies and 1 Commissioner of Commercial Taxes (CCT, Karnataka), to be called GST Suvidha Providers (GSPs). GSPs would develop applications to be used by taxpayers for interacting with the GSTN.
OTHER LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMEN
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nsation to States) Act respectively. Similar notifications have been issued by all the States under the respective SGST Act.
13. Apart from the notifications, 41 circulars and 13 orders have also been issued by CBEC on various subjects like proper officers, ease of exports, and extension of last dates for filling up various forms, etc.
ROLE OF CBEC:
14. CBEC is playing an active role in the drafting of GST law and procedures, particularly the CGST and IGST law, which will be exclusive domain of the Centre. This apart, the CBEC has prepared itself for meeting the implementation challenges, which are quite formidable. The number of taxpayers has gone up significantly. The existing IT infrastructure of CBEC has been suitably scaled up to handle such large volumes of data. Based on the legal provisions and procedure for GST, the content of work-flow software such as ACES (Automated Central Excise & Service Tax) would require reengineering. The name of IT project of CBEC under GST is '
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rained in this training programme. More than 52000 officers (including around 20000 officers from States) have already been trained. Out of these 7000 officers have attended refresher-training course also.
17. It is expected that a momentous reform like GST is popularized and familiarized to the trade and industry who are the vital stakeholders in successful implementation of this reform.
18. CBEC would be responsible for administration of the CGST and IGST law. In addition, excise duty regime would continue to be administered by the CBEC for levy and collection of central excise duty on five specified petroleum products as well as on tobacco products. CBEC would also continue to handle the work relating to levy and collection of customs duties.
19. Director General of Safeguards, CBEC has been mandated to conduct detailed enquiry on anti-profiteering cases and should give his recommendation for consideration of the National Anti-profiteering Authority.
20. CBEC has been instrumen
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6,964
12
No. of 3(B) returns filed for September, 2017
70,50,408
13
No. of 3(B) returns filed for October, 2017
67,01,752
14
No. of 3(B) returns filed for November, 2017
66,80,408
15
No. of 3(B) returns filed for December, 2017
66,37,923
16
No. of 3(B) returns filed for January, 2018
65,27,602
17
No. of 3(B) returns filed for February, 2018
61,65,324
18
No. of GSTR 1 returns filed for July, 2017
59,71,488
19
No. of GSTR 1 returns filed for August, 2017
22,14,857
20
No. of GSTR 1 returns filed for September, 2017
59,71,488
21
No. of GSTR 1 returns filed for October, 2017
22,16,652
22
No. of GSTR 1 returns filed for November, 2017
22,01,501
23
No. of GSTR 1 returns filed for December, 2017
55,65,273
24
No. of GSTR 1 returns filed for January, 2018
18,44,980
25
No. of GSTR 1 returns filed for February, 2018
6,63,351
26
No. of GSTR 2 returns filed for July, 2017
25,72,552
27
No. of GSTR 4 returns filed for quarter JulySeptember, 2017
9,04,81
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