Goods and Services Tax – GST – By: – Rakesh Chitkara – Dated:- 16-10-2017 Last Replied Date:- 17-10-2017 – FAQ 1: What is a gift? The word 'gift' has not been defined in the CGST Act. Hence, one will have to refer to other laws as well as case laws to determine the meaning of the term. Gift-Tax Act (18 of 1858) had defined the word gift to mean transfer by one person to another of any existing movable or immovable property voluntarily and without consideration in money or money's worth. The Honorable Supreme Court cited the definition of 'gift' from Corpus Juris Secundum, Volume 38 in the case of Sonia Bhatia v. State of UP 1981 (3) TMI 250 – SUPREME COURT as follows: A 'gift' is commonly defined as a voluntary transfer of property by one to another, without any consideration or compensation therefor. A 'gift' is a gratuity and an act of generosity and does not require a consideration, but there can be none; if there is a consideration for the trans
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conclude that to constitute a gift following elements are required to be satisfied:- (1) Supply must be made without any contractual obligation. If any supply is made under a contractual obligation it cannot be termed as a 'gift'. (2) Supply must be made without any consideration in money or money's worth. Hence, supplies made out of love and affection or such other non- legal considerations can only be termed as 'gifts'. FAQ 2: Which provision affects the taxability of gifts and treatment of Input Tax Credit on inward supply of gifts under the GST law? Section 17 (5) of the CGST Act deals with Blocked credits. Clause (h) of Section 17(5) deals with ITC on gifts. The relevant part of the said provision reads as under: Sec. 17(5): Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) of section 16 and sub-section (1) of section 18, input tax credit shall not be available in respect of the following, namely:- (a) ………………&hellip
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or furtherance of business? When gifts are purely for sales promotion/ publicity, can ITC be availed? Different types of gifts may be given in course or furtherance of business. Some of them are customary and almost all of them are in course or furtherance of business. There may be unbranded gifts, branded/ customized gifts in the form of publicity material, Diwali gifts or gifts on festive occasions, target based rewards in lieu of discounts/ incentives etc. In course of business means usual business practice such as manufacturing, trading etc. It implies those transactions which are directly related to business without which business cannot be run, like purchase of raw material, capital goods etc. On the other hand, furtherance of business means the act of advancement/promotion of business for its sustained growth and profitability. In such a scenario, it can be understood that Diwali gifts and other festive and customary gifts are given to persons related to a business and shall be
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clearly evident/ commercial or monetary consideration, but may have extra commercial consideration receipt, as nothing in this world is free. What happens in such case? Ans. A gift is generally an inducement, i.e. a means of influencing the recipient. The act of inducement cannot in general be excluded from the scope of being a supply, and if the consideration is not wholly in money, the transaction becomes subject to Valuation Rules. In such case the Valuation Rules require the transaction to be valued at Open Market Value of the subject goods (given by way of gift). The Open Market Value of ordinarily purchased goods can be easily reckoned as the purchase price of the same goods. In such case, if the giving away by way of gift is considered as a supply to be valued at the cost of purchase, the Input Tax Credit involved shall be equal to the output GST payable on the supply of the said gift, in course or furtherance of business. Thus the output GST and input GST on the goods to be gi
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n 17(5) is not whether it is in course or furtherance of business or not, but rather it is whether it is for consideration or not. If yes, whether the quantification of the consideration and payment of GST on the same is distinctively required or not. FAQ 5: Clause (h) of Section 17(5) of CGST Act 2017 stipulates that the input tax credit with respect to the goods disposed of by way of gift shall not be allowed. The definition of goods as per Section 2 (52) means every kind of movable property…………..which are agreed to be served before supply or under a contract of supply . That means, for a commodity to be called goods under this law, it is necessary that it is used for the purpose of supply and in order to deem a particular transaction as supply, it should have some consideration involved or else, the same should be mentioned under Schedule I of the Act. There is neither any consideration nor is there any reference of gifts under Schedule I except in case o
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course or furtherance of business and the conditions under Section 2 (52) and Section 16 also are satisfied, why ITC on gifts should not be available? ITC on goods given away or disposed as gifts should not be available when no tax is being paid on their disposal. The logic of satisfying Section 16 (1) is of no avail to earn this credit lawfully, because Section 17(5) itself starts with a non obstante clause, which means even if Section 16 (1) allows, Section 17(5) shall block. Moreover, Section 17 (5) is a specific provision because it is an established principle that specific provisions prevail over general provisions. In the landmark case, J.K. Cotton Spinning & Weaving Mills Co. Ltd. v. State of U.P., 1960 (12) TMI 77 – SUPREME COURT , it was held: 9. …We reach the same result by applying another well known rule of construction that general provisions yield to special provisions This doctrine has always been upheld. Our Supreme Court has followed this principle laid dow
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ision and Section 17(5) is specific. Section 17(5) over rides Section 16(1) in clear words. Furthermore, though 17(5) is non obstante clause unless section 16 conditions fulfilled ITC is not eligible and once eligible if not hit by 17(5), only then ITC can be availed. In other words, if something qualifies for ITC under section 16 but is blocked from ITC under section 17 then ITC would not be available. Similarly, if there is a contradiction between Schedule I and Section 17(5) (h), in my view, Schedule I should prevail. FAQ 7: Whether the sweets and beverages purchased for distribution to employees/workers/customers/ associates on Diwali? It should be noted that section 17(5) (b) (i) specifically restricts the input tax credit with respect to food and beverages and Section 17(5) (h) restricts or bars credit on gifts. Hence any sweets or beverages given to bought for employees/workers/customers/ associates whether construed as food or beverages or as gifts shall not be eligible for cla
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nt can be availed as deduction under Income tax law. Especially, because gifts are voluntarily given and do not create any contractual obligation, even if they are in course or furtherance of business, the registered person should adopt a policy that whenever goods are purchased for the purpose of gifts, they are purchased as B2C supplies from a registered person to reduce/ remove hardship of reversal and reconciliation. FAQ 9: What about gifts given as offer packs, like Buy1Get1free, X item free against purchase of 100 pieces Y item etc. Section 15 of the CGST Act talks about Transaction Value . Every time, something is given free of cost or a promotional scheme, it has an extra commercial consideration which creates the confusion for payment of GST on outward supply or reversal of ITC or both. The above are gifts/ free supplies in course of business. If consideration for these goods is not charged directly, they shall qualify as gifts and ITC shall not be eligible. If these goods are
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to get some sort of business mileage, however, it is worthy to note first, that incurring an expenditure is nothing, but consuming something. When that expenditure is directly related to the supply in course or furtherance of business, it is an input. No customer seeks an obligation of company logo printed publicity material, in course of supply of its goods. It is the supplier s own will to supply such goods and he gives them as gifts as no customer would wish to pay for it voluntarily, and hence it cannot be said to be a component in course of supply. The above arguments emphasize towards two vital aspects to be comprised in a transaction for furtherance of business: Regularity : Is the activity conducted in a regular manner based on sound and recognized business principles? : Is the activity predominantly concerned with the making of taxable supply for consideration/ profit motive? In the above transaction, both are missing and ITC cannot be availed even by virtue of Section 16 in s
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ates or employees are not taxed when they are disposed, and ITC is also allowed upon them, the tax on such goods shall get avoided in a way. Even the erstwhile Central Excise law, did not allow Cenvat credit on items purchased and given as gifts, or free samples. The erstwhile Rule 3(5) had prescribed that when inputs or capital goods, on which CENVAT credit has been taken, are removed as such from the factory, or premises of the provider of output service, the manufacturer of the final products or provider of output service, as the case may be, shall pay an amount equal to the credit availed in respect of such inputs or capital goods and such removal shall be made under the cover of an invoice referred to in Rule 9. The Cenvat Credit availed on procurement of such goods could be utilized for payment of – Duty on such goods when removed as such or after being partially processed and the duty payable on these goods was held to be an amount equal to CENVAT credit taken on inputs. A conjo
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xceeding ₹ 50,000/- to an employee during a year. Now what is Schedule I, it is those transactions which are without consideration but held as supply. Which means, if anything is given for a consideration, i.e. service as per terms of service in case of employment, it is covered by Schedule III and cannot be covered under Schedule I at all. Only those transactions shall enter Schedule I, which are without consideration, i.e. not covered by the terms of contract in case of employees, but given voluntarily. Since they are not exempt by virtue of Schedule III, limited exemption of ₹ 50000/- per year employee is conferred under Schedule I specifically. FAQ 13: Anything given to an employee, unless mentioned in his offer letter or such defined remuneration / incentive will be gift . Thus, if gift to employee is more than 50000 during a year, it will become a fresh supply from employer to employee and because they are related party, value is to be determined as per rules as discu
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ccept that this is the intent of the provisions. As discussed above, the value of outward supply in such cases as per valuation rules is open market value, i.e same as purchase cost. The foregoing of GST is nothing but payment of GST on the said goods disposed without any consideration. This should suffice. This also paves way for availing ITC on gifts to employees upto the value of ₹ 50,000 in a year. Whether the foregoing or reversal of ITC (as a consumer of such goods / as a B2C transaction as discussed above) is not equivalent to payment of GST on any transaction being considered as deemed outward supply. As per earlier central excise law also, payment of duty was considered at par with reversal of cenvat credit. In GST also, if IC is foregone, no further payment of GST should lie on transactions without consideration. FAQ 14: Under Schedule I, gifts to all other related persons are considered as supply as gifts are invariably, without consideration. In case, gifts are given
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