Goods and Services Tax

India records six-quarter high GDP growth of 8.2 pc in Q2
GST
Dated:- 28-11-2025
PTI
New Delhi, Nov 28 (PTI) The Indian economy grew by a higher-than-expected 8.2 per cent a six-quarter high as increased factory production in anticipation of a consumption boost from the GST rate cut helped offset deceleration in farm output.
The growth in the second quarter, which compared to 7.8 per cent in the preceding three months and 5.6 per cent in the year-ago period, was also aided by a good showing by the services sector, which clocked double-digit growth.
The previous high at 8.4 per cent was posted in the fourth quarter (January-March) of fiscal 2023-24.
The expansion helped India retain its position as the world's fastest-growing major economy. During the July-September quarter, the Chinese economy grew by 4.8 per cent.
As per data released by the National Statistics Office (NSO), the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the first half of 2025-26 worked out to be at 8 per cent,

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tions, printing at a six-quarter high of 8.2 per cent in Q2 FY2026, and displaying an acceleration over the 7.8 per cent growth seen in Q1 FY2026, in contrast to the widespread market expectation of some moderation.
While the government's final consumption expenditure expectedly contracted, led by weak revenue spending, the growth in gross capital formation moderated between these quarters, she said, adding that discrepancies played an important role in bumping up the GDP growth in Q2 FY2026 compared to the preceding quarter.
“An adverse base, the potential negative impact of US tariffs and limited headroom for capital spending by the Government of India (vis-a-vis the Budget Estimates) may dampen the pace of growth from the robust 8 per cent seen in H1 FY2026. Nevertheless, the FY2026 real GDP expansion now appears set to materially exceed 7 per cent,” she noted.
With the Q2 FY2026 GDP growth exceeding 8 per cent, she said, the probability of a rate cut in the December 2025 MPC rev

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imated at Rs 96.52 lakh crore against Rs 89.35 lakh crore in H1 of 2024-25, registering a growth rate of 8 per cent.
Nominal GDP or GDP at Current Prices in H1 of 2025-26 is estimated at Rs 171.30 lakh crore compared to Rs 157.48 lakh crore in H1 of 2024-25, showing a growth rate of 8.8 per cent, the statement said.
Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) has recorded a 7.3 per cent growth rate at Constant Prices against the growth rate of 6.7 per cent in Q2 of FY25.
The discrepancies (differences in values calculated using different methods of GDP estimation) jumped to Rs 1.62 lakh crore during the second quarter of this fiscal.
India's Q2 FY 2025–26 GDP growth came in stronger than expected at 8.2 per cent year-on-year, Rumki Majumdar, Economist, Deloitte India, said.
“With festive season spending and the momentum from GST 2.0 likely to support activity in Q3, we anticipate a significant upward revision to full-year growth estimates,” she said.
India's GDP deflator has fallen to i

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Vyapar Acquires Suvit to Transform IndiaÂ’s MSME and Tax Professional Ecosystem
GST
Dated:- 28-11-2025
PTI
Bengaluru (Karnataka) [India], November 28: A bold step toward India's most powerful accounting-tech ecosystem — Vyapar, one of the country’s leading business management platforms, has fully acquired Suvit, an AI-powered automation accounting software recognised by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). The acquisition marks a significant step toward creating a connected digital ecosystem for MSMEs, CA and Tax Professionals, offering them a unified platform for business management, automation, and compliance.
Empowering MSMEs through a Unified Digital Future
IndiaÂ’s MSMEs form the backbone of the economy

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ls to handle more clients and manage their compliance efficiently. Ensuring to reduce their time and effort significantly. ”
SuvitÂ’s Role in the Next Phase of Growth
Founded by Ankit Virani, Suvit has become a trusted automation platform that helps tax professionals and businesses save as much time as possible on manual data entry and GST reconciliation. Its AI-led platform automates pre-accounting processes, enhances accuracy, and improves decision-making with advanced analytics.
“Suvit was built to simplify compliance for tax professionals,” said Ankit Virani, Founder and CEO of Suvit. “Joining Vyapar allows us to extend this vision to millions of MSMEs, combining automation and accessibility to deliver an integrated digital experie

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e multiple clients with greater ease.
Together, Vyapar and Suvit are redefining how IndiaÂ’s small businesses manage their financial operations, reducing complexity and improving compliance accuracy by driving the overall operational efficiency across the MSME landscape.
About Vyapar
Vyapar GST Billing and Accounting Software company is a Bengaluru-based business management solutions provider dedicated to simplifying financial operations for IndiaÂ’s SMEs.
With a mission to make business management effortless and affordable for MSMEs, Vyapar provides a comprehensive suite of tools that integrate billing, accounting, inventory management, GST filing, and cash flow management into a single, seamless platform. Trusted by over 1 Crore+ bu

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Coordinated CGST action ordered to avoid parallel adjudication, clarifying taxpayer duties under Section 6(2)(b) CGST Act
Case-Laws
GST
HC disposed of the writ petition by directing coordinated action between Central and State GST authorities in line with binding precedent on Section 6(2)(b) CGST Act. HC noted that Central authority has already issued a show cause notice, while State authority has issued prior summons and DRC-01A intimation. The petitioner is mandated to appear before the Central authority, file a detailed reply to the show cause notice with all contentions and documents by the stipulated date, and comply with all lawful summons and requisitions of the State authority, including informing it of the Central proceedings. Thereafter, State and Central authorities must communicate, verify the assessee's claims, and ensure no parallel adjudication on the same subject-matter, proceeding further only in accordance with law and principles of natural justice.
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ITC disallowance on non-motor insurance under s.17(5) CGST Act quashed due to factual misclassification of policy
Case-Laws
GST
HC allowed the writ petition filed by the assessee, holding that the disallowance of Input Tax Credit (ITC) under s.17(5) CGST Act on insurance premium was without jurisdiction and based on an erroneous factual premise. The revenue had treated the insurance policy as motor vehicle insurance, whereas the record clearly showed it was for stock, premises, STFI cover, earthquake risk, and manufacturing equipment, which are not covered by the ITC restriction under s.17(5). As all other proposed additions had been dropped and only this ITC disallowance remained, the HC held that the impugned assessment order and notice were vitiated by incorrect assumptions of fact. The impugned order and notice were quashed and set aside.
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Writ against GST show cause notice dismissed, assessees directed to pursue statutory remedy on classification dispute
Case-Laws
GST
The HC dismissed the writ petitions challenging the show cause notice on GST classification, holding them non-maintainable in view of the efficacious alternative statutory remedy. It was held that the proper Adjudicating Authority had issued the notice, and the case did not disclose either lack of jurisdiction or violation of natural justice to justify writ interference at the notice stage. The Petitioners were directed to submit their replies, raise all permissible legal and factual defences, and produce all relevant material before the Adjudicating Authority, which is best suited to undertake the necessary factual inquiry and determine the correct classification. Consequently, the HC declined to bypass the appellate hierarchy and refused to quash the show cause notice, dismissing the petitions.
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Paisabazaar Deepens Retail Reach in NCR, will offer Udyam and GST Services for Small Businesses
GST
Dated:- 27-11-2025
PTI
Gurugram, Haryana, India (NewsVoir) Furthering its mission to enable underserved consumers to access financial products and make informed choices, Paisabazaar has introduced Udyam registration, GST registration, and GST filing services across its retail stores. These services are aimed at self-employed individuals—one of the most credit-challenged segments—who often face barriers arising from inadequate documentation, insufficient financial records, and limited familiarity with digital channels.
At these stores, trained experts would provide consumers with expert advice, curated recommendations according t

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rs can walk in and also explore various credit options, such as business loans, personal loans, home loans, etc., at these stores and get end-to-end assistance in choosing the right option for their credit requirements.
In addition to these services, consumers visiting Paisabazaar retail stores can check their free credit score and explore the best available loan and credit offers. Trained experts also assist them in understanding their credit profile, improving their credit health, and making better financial decisions.
Currently, Paisabazaar retail stores are operational in Gurugram (Jail Road), Noida (Sector 15) and New Delhi (Lajpat Nagar), where consumers can avail Udyam, Aadhaar and GST registration, along with expert assistance f

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GST rate rationalisation boosts consumption; economy to maintain growth momentum: FinMin report
GST
Dated:- 27-11-2025
PTI
New Delhi, Nov 27 (PTI) The GST rate rationalisation gave a “measurable” boost to consumption, and the Indian economy is on a stable footing to navigate risks and maintain growth momentum through the current fiscal, a finance ministry report said on Thursday.
The Finance Ministry's Monthly Economic Review for October said that with inflationary pressures easing and recent tax reforms boosting household disposable incomes, the near-term consumption outlook appears increasingly positive.
Retail inflation has reached an all-time low in the current series, dropping to 0.25 per cent in October 2025, down from

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re evident over the next two quarters,” it added.
Effective September 22, the GST rates on about 375 items were slashed, making mass consumption items cheaper. Also, GST rates of 5, 12, 18, and 28 per cent have been clubbed into two rates of 5 per cent and 18 per cent, resulting in a reduced price of 99 per cent of daily use items.
The finance ministry report said the external environment remains characterised by elevated trade policy uncertainty, though global pressures have moderated relative to earlier peaks.
With regard to growth prospects, it said that various independent economic assessments place real GDP growth for Q2 FY26 in the range of 7–7.5 per cent, indicating continued strength in underlying economic activity.
Overall,

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ned public capital expenditure, and firming rural and urban demand places the economy on a stable footing, positioning it to navigate emerging risks and preserve its growth momentum through the remainder of FY26,” said the Monthly Economic Review.
The report said that corporate performance remained healthy during the month, with sustained profitability and stable balance sheets. Domestic financial markets continue to draw strength from firm institutional participation.
The report called for structural reforms to sustain and accelerate job creation in the economy.
In a bid to reform the labour markets, the Government of India has implemented 4 Labour Codes: the Code on Wages, 2019; the Industrial Relations Code, 2020; the Code on Socia

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Delay in Section 107 CGST appeals, refunds violates one-year limit; authority ordered to decide by 10 January 2026
Case-Laws
GST
The HC held that the prolonged non-disposal of statutory appeals filed in 2021, 2022, and 2023 under Section 107 of the CGST Act, 2017, and consequential delay in refund, was contrary to the statutory mandate requiring disposal within one year. Observing that such undue delay and blocking of refunds adversely affects business, the HC directed the Appellate Authority to adjudicate all pending appeals filed by the petitioner on or before 10 January 2026, by passing reasoned orders in accordance with law. The HC further directed that, if any refund is ultimately found due to the petitioner, the same shall be released along with statutory interest for the entire period of delay. The writ petition was accordingly disposed of.
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GST registration cancellation without reasons violates natural justice; mechanical orders set aside, registration restored under Section 29 CGST Act
Case-Laws
GST
The HC held that the cancellation of the petitioner's GST registration violated principles of natural justice, as the SCN was devoid of reasons and the Adjudicating Authority failed to consider the petitioner's timely replies and supporting documents. The HC found the orders of the Adjudicating Authority to be mechanical, templated, computer-generated and passed without application of mind, and characterised the approach as cavalier and negligent. The HC further held that the Appellate Authority's order, which ignored the material on record, was equally erroneous. Consequently, the HC set aside the appellate order dated 30.04.2025, the cancellation order dated 26.11.2024, and the revocation rejection dated 08.01.2025, and directed restoration of the petitioner's GST registration, disposing of the petition.
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Negative blocking of ITC beyond available credit held ultra vires Rule 86A; excess electronic ledger block quashed
Case-Laws
GST
HC examined the challenge to negative blocking of ITC in the petitioner's electronic credit ledger beyond the credit actually available on the relevant date. Relying on its earlier ratio in Rawman Metal & Alloyes and concurring with views of other HCs that negative blocking is ultra vires Rule 86A, the HC held the impugned communication/order invalid to the extent it blocked ITC in excess of Rs. 7,06,770/-. As the petitioner did not dispute blocking up to Rs. 7,06,770/-, the order was sustained only to that limited extent. A writ of mandamus was issued directing the respondent authorities to immediately unblock ITC blocked over and above Rs. 7,06,770/- in the petitioner's electronic credit ledger. The writ petition was accordingly disposed of.
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Single appeal allowed under Section 107 CGST Act against consolidated DRC-07 demand order spanning multiple financial years
Case-Laws
GST
HC adjudicated a writ petition challenging a consolidated SCN (DRC-07) and resultant common order dated 3 February 2025 covering multiple financial years under CGST. HC held that, notwithstanding the multi-year demand, a single, common order permits the assessee (Petitioner) to file one consolidated statutory appeal under Section 107 CGST Act before the Appellate Authority. HC granted liberty to file such appeal on or before 20 December 2025, extended the period for making the mandatory pre-deposit up to that date, and directed that any appeal so filed shall not be rejected on limitation grounds and must be decided on merits. Petition was accordingly disposed of.
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Writ Petition Rejected: GST S.73 Order Challenge Barred for Bypassing S.107 Appeal and Limitation under Arts.226/227
Case-Laws
GST
The HC dismissed the writ petition filed by A against the adjudication order passed under S.73 of the GST Act on the ground of non-maintainability. It held that a statutory appellate remedy under S.107 was available and the appellate authority's power to condone delay is strictly confined to an additional thirty days beyond the initial three-month limitation, with no jurisdiction to extend it further. The impugned order dated 22.10.2024 was challenged only on 23.10.2025, with no sufficient cause pleaded for not availing the appellate remedy or for the belated approach to the HC. The HC found that A sought to circumvent the statutory scheme and therefore refused to exercise its writ jurisdiction under Arts.226/227.
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Pre-deposit already paid under protest held sufficient, appeal restored and remanded for decision on merits
Case-Laws
GST
HC allowed the writ petition, holding that the appellate authority (R-1) had erred in dismissing the petitioner's appeal for alleged non-compliance with the mandatory 10% pre-deposit requirement. HC held that the amount already deposited by the petitioner under protest constituted sufficient compliance with the statutory pre-deposit condition and ought to have been reckoned for entertaining the appeal on merits. Consequently, the impugned order dated 28.02.2024 at Annexure-H was quashed and set aside. The matter was remanded to R-1 for fresh consideration of the statutory appeal on merits, strictly in accordance with law, without insisting on any further pre-deposit from the petitioner.
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Relief Denied Under Art. 226 for GST Fraud Scheme Despite s.68 and r.138 Compliance; Costly Seizure Upheld
Case-Laws
GST
HC held that, although the procedural requirements under s.68 and r.138 CGST Rules for movement of goods were ostensibly complied with and the vehicle was no longer in transit, the petitioner's conduct disentitled it to equitable relief under Art. 226. The record established that the petitioner, in collusion with others, had devised a systematic scheme to defraud the revenue by fabricating sham transactions and availing fraudulent input tax credit through bogus entities and fictitious outward liabilities, exploiting systemic gaps in the GST framework. HC declined to interfere with the seizure and detention proceedings, refused the relief of release of goods and conveyance, and dismissed the writ petition with costs of Rs. 5,00,000 to be recovered from the petitioner-company through its Director.
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Assessment under AGST Section 73 quashed for no proper show cause; DRC-01 summary not valid notice under Rule 142
Case-Laws
GST
HC held that the assessment proceedings under Section 73 of the AGST Act, 2017 were vitiated for violation of principles of natural justice, as no proper and prior show cause notice under Section 73(1) was issued to the petitioner. Service of only a Summary of Show Cause Notice in Form GST DRC-01 and an Attachment to Determination of Tax was held not to satisfy the mandatory requirements of Section 73(1) to (8), (10), (11) and Rule 142(1) of the AGST Rules, 2017. A summary was expressly held not to be a substitute for a substantive show cause notice by the proper officer. Consequently, the impugned order dated 25.02.2025 passed under Section 73(9) was declared unsustainable in law, set aside and quashed. The writ petition filed by the anonymized petitioner was accordingly disposed of.
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Allahabad HC slams GST authorities for cancelling registration without assigning reasons
GST
Dated:- 26-11-2025
PTI
Prayagraj (UP), Nov 26 (PTI) The Allahabad High Court has come down heavily on GST authorities for passing frequent orders for the cancellation of the GST registration of traders without assigning reasons.
The court has said that such action of the authorities amount to announcing an “economic death” of a business entity as the cancellation orders passed in such a casual manner inflict disproportionate hardship on traders and disrupt legitimate business activity.
The court has highlighted that depriving a dealer of this statutory lifeline, without assigning reasons or affording an adequate opportunity to rectify

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le opportunity in such matters, so that similar lapses are not repeated,” the bench said.
The petitioner had challenged the October 15 order. Prior to this, a show-cause notice was issued alleging wrongful availing and passing on of bogus input tax credit in violation of section 16 of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act.
The court took strong exception to the manner in which the officer had exercised powers under the GST regime.
In this backdrop, the court observed that merely stating that a reply is “not satisfactory” reveals only the conclusion of the authority and not the reasoning that led to that conclusion, thereby failing the minimum standard of a reasoned administrative order.
The court remarked that the officer had acted “care

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India's eco growth to remain robust; GST reform to help cushion adverse impact of US tariffs: IMF
GST
Dated:- 26-11-2025
PTI
New York/Washington, Nov 26 (PTI) India's economy is estimated to grow at 6.6 per cent in 2025-26, the International Monetary Fund said, noting that the Goods and Services Tax reforms are likely to help cushion the country from the adverse impact of the 50 per cent tariffs imposed by the US.
“IndiaÂ’s economy has continued to perform well. Following the economic growth of 6.5 per cent in fiscal year 2024/25, real GDP expanded by 7.8 per cent in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025/26,” the IMF said in a statement after its Executive Board completed an annual assessment for India.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) said that looking ahead, IndiaÂ’s ambition to become an advanced economy can be supported by advancing comprehensive structural reforms that enable higher potential growth.
Despite external headwinds, growth is expected to remain robust

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impact rural consumption and reignite inflationary pressures, it added.
Headline inflation is projected to remain well contained, reflecting the one-off effect of the GST reform and continued benign food prices. “Headline inflation has declined markedly, driven by subdued food prices”, the IMF said.
It noted that the financial and corporate sectors have remained resilient, supported by adequate capital buffers and multi-year low non-performing assets. Fiscal consolidation has advanced, and the current account deficit has been contained, supported by resilient service exports.
IMF Executive Directors commended India's strong economic performance and resilience, which has benefited from sound macroeconomic policies and reforms. Amid high uncertainty, the Directors called for continued sound policies and noted that accelerated implementation of structural reforms will be critical to maintain stability and support IndiaÂ’s ambition of becoming an advanced economy.
They concurred with th

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kely be scope for further monetary easing amid benign inflation dynamics. They broadly recommended continued efforts to enhance monetary transmission, as well as greater exchange rate flexibility to help the Indian economy absorb external shocks, with interventions aimed at addressing disorderly market conditions consistent with the integrated policy framework.
The IMF underscored that comprehensive structural reforms are critical to support IndiaÂ’s economic development.
Directors welcomed the recent labour market reforms and encouraged the authorities to enhance human capital and female labour force participation, continue with the public investment push, and strengthen the business environment.
They stressed that the deepening of trade integration can bolster IndiaÂ’s competitiveness and attract FDI. Investment in R&D and fostering innovation will also help support productivity-driven development. Advancing the green transition supported by greater access to concessional financing

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Non-speaking GST registration cancellation quashed for violating natural justice; matter remitted for fresh decision with reasons
Case-Laws
GST
HC set aside the impugned order cancelling the GST registration of A and allowed the writ petition. The Court held that the cancellation order was a non-speaking order, as the proper officer rejected A's explanation merely stating it was “not satisfactory” without disclosing any reasons, violating fundamental principles of natural justice and procedural law. Recognizing that cancellation of GST registration has severe consequences, including inability to issue tax invoices or avail/pass on ITC, the HC found the action unsustainable in law. The matter was remitted, and the HC directed that its order, along with a copy of the petition, be communicated to the Commissioner, Commercial Tax, U.P., within one week.
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Writ challenge to GST assessment remanded, appeal delay condoned on 10% cash deposit under Section 107
Case-Laws
GST
HC considered a writ petition challenging the impugned assessment order and consequential Order in Form GST DRC-07, preceded by a SCN in Form GST DRC-01. The statutory limitation under Section 107 of the GST enactments for filing an appeal had expired by the time the petition was instituted. Noting earlier precedents where delayed challenges led to remand on conditions of partial tax deposit, HC adopted a similar approach. The impugned order and consequential demand were set aside, and the matter was remitted to the Respondent authority for fresh adjudication, subject to the Petitioner depositing 10% of the disputed tax in cash from the electronic cash ledger within thirty days. Petition disposed.
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Appeal under GST s.74 wrongly dismissed as time-barred without verifying actual portal upload date of order
Case-Laws
GST
HC held that the appellate authority erred in dismissing the appeal as time-barred without ascertaining the actual date of uploading/communication of the order passed under s.74 on the GST portal. The authority's reliance on a general assumption that orders are reflected “in no time” at the registered taxpayer's end, without any specific inquiry or material to disprove the petitioner's assertion of receipt on 25.08.2022, was found unsustainable. HC observed that only the department could access the precise upload data and was obliged to verify it. Consequently, the impugned appellate order dated 23.05.2023 was quashed, and the matter was remanded to the appellate authority for fresh consideration on limitation and merits. Petition allowed by remand.
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Question of converting arrest warrants to bailable warrants under s.70(2) CrPC, s.72(2) BNSS sent to Larger Bench
Case-Laws
GST
The HC, dealing with a petition under s.70(2) Cr.P.C. seeking conversion of arrest warrants into bailable warrants in an alleged large-scale tax evasion case, noted conflicting views of different Co-ordinate Benches on the scope of such power in economic and heinous offences. Observing absence of a settled legal position and the need for uniformity, the HC refrained from deciding the petitioner's claim on merits. Instead, it referred the core question-whether an accused in economic or heinous offences can, as a matter of right, seek conversion of arrest warrants into bailable warrants under ss.70(2) Cr.P.C. and 72(2) BNSS-to a Special/Larger Bench, to be constituted by the Chief Justice.
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Refund appeal remanded for fresh decision after violation of natural justice under s.13(3)-(13) IGST Act
Case-Laws
GST
HC examined challenge to an appellate order setting aside a refund sanction relating to alleged zero-rated export of services under the IGST Act, 2017. HC held that the appellate authority had acted in violation of principles of natural justice, having failed to apply its mind or record adequate reasons, particularly regarding classification of services as exports and the applicability of s.13(3)-(13) IGST Act. Concluding that the impugned order was vitiated by non-application of mind, HC set it aside. The matter was remanded to the appellate authority for de novo consideration, with a direction to pass a reasoned order after granting due notice and hearing to the petitioner, who shall appear on 27.10.2025.
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GST appeal delay condoned due to portal access issues, matter remanded on deposit of Rs 15,000 costs
Case-Laws
GST
HC held that dismissal of the petitioners' appeal as time-barred was unsustainable in view of technical difficulties in accessing adjudication orders on the GST portal, particularly where the order was uploaded under the “View Additional Notices and Orders” tab. Relying on similar precedents, HC directed that the petitioners be accorded identical treatment and that the delay in filing the appeal be condoned. The matter was remanded to the Appellate Authority to decide the appeal on merits, on the condition that the petitioners deposit Rs. 15,000/- with the Calcutta High Court Legal Services Committee within two weeks and produce the receipt before the Appellate Authority. Upon such compliance, the impugned order dated 24.07.2025 shall stand rendered ineffective. Petition disposed of.
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Refund of unutilised GST Compensation Cess ITC on coal for zero-rated exports allowed; Section 11(2) proviso inapplicable
Case-Laws
GST
The HC held that unutilised input tax credit of GST Compensation Cess paid on coal, used in manufacture of goods exported on payment of IGST as zero-rated supplies, is refundable. It reiterated that when zero-rated supplies are made with payment of IGST, and no Compensation Cess is leviable on the finished goods, the assessee cannot utilise the input tax credit of such Cess. Consequently, the bar under the proviso to Section 11(2) of the relevant enactment is inapplicable. The HC quashed and set aside the impugned rejection orders and directed the revenue authorities to process the refund applications of the petitioner-assessee and sanction the claimed refund of unutilised Compensation Cess credit. Petition allowed.
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Supplying fitted assets on hire treated as mixed supply, taxable at 18% GST under serial no.17(viii).
Case-Laws
GST
AAR held that the applicant's activity of supplying fitted assets on hire to occupants of a building constitutes leasing or renting services, as the applicant remains the legal owner and only grants access to utilities without transfer of possession. The installed assets, having become integral to the building, lose their character as movable goods; therefore, the supply is not leasing or renting of goods. The various services provided through machines and systems for a single consolidated per sq. ft. charge do not reveal any naturally bundled elements or principal supply and are therefore characterized as a mixed supply. Consequently, the transaction falls under serial no. 17(viii) of the relevant rate notification and is liable to GST at 18%.
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